Cardiothoracic (CT) Surgery Board Review Samples
Below you will find a sampling of the cardiothoracic (CT) board review
questions. Many of the questions include pearls of wisdom and key buzzwords,
statistics, and numbers you need for your exam
success. Some of the questions are case-style like you would find on the boards,
others test rapid recall for key clinical situations, and key buzzwords
you just have to know to get through your exam quickly and score your best!
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1. Imaging: PET Scanning
Which of the following histologies or conditions can
result in a false-negative PET scan in a patient with a solitary pulmonary
nodule?
A. Carcinoid tumor
B. Uncontrolled diabetes
C. Well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung
D. All of the above
E. A and C only
Explanation:
False-negative PET studies in a patient with a solitary pulmonary
nodule can result from small tumor size or from low tumor metabolic activity.
Low metabolic activity is common for carcinoid tumors and bronchoalveolar
carcinomas of the lung.
Low metabolic activity may also be the cause of false-nagative PET studies in
solitary pulmonary nodules that are well-differentiated adenocarcinomas of the
lung.
Uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetics retards the uptake of Fluro-deoxyglucose
(FDG). As such, patients with solitary pulmonary nodules of malignant etiology
may have false-negative FDG-PET studies.
Whereas a negative FDG-PET scan in a patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule
supports conservative management, biopsy may be warranted if there is suspicion
of malignancy in the right clinical setting.
Answer E.
Reference:
Karamanoukian HL. Thoracic Surgery Board Review Manual. Magalhaes
Scientific Press, New York, 2003.
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2.Recall: Dumbell-Shaped Lesions
What is the most likely etiology of a dumbell shaped endobronchial lesion ?
A. chondroma
B. osteochondroma
C. lipoma
D. adenocarcinoma
Explanation:
Lipomas of the tracheobronchial tree presents endobronchial lesions shaped like
a dumbell. They are yellow or gray and can be confused with bronchial adenomas.
Chondromas or osteochondromas are embedded in the cartilaginous bronchial wall.
Answer: C.
Reference:
Karamanoukian HL. Thoracic Surgery Board Review Manual.
Magalhaes Scientific Press, New York, 2003.
Shields TW et al. (eds). General Thoracic Surgery, Fifth Edition. Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000.
Baue AE et al. Glenn's Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sixth Edition.
Appleton & Lange, Conn., 1997 (page 350).
3. Sugical Anatomy: Colon Interposition for Esophageal Cancer
Questions:
a.
The blood supply of a short colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction is
based on the _____ colic artery.
b.
The blood supply of a long colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction is
based on the _____ colic artery.
c.
The blood supply of a right colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction is
based on the _____ colic artery.
Answers:
Left; Left; Middle.
Reference:
Yang SC et al. Current Therapy in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Mosby,
Philadelphia, 2004 (page 383).
4. Factoid: Lung Transplants
Which of the following preservation solutions used in lung
transplantation have "high potassium and low sodium" concentrations?
A. Euro-Collins
B. Celsior
C. University of Wisconsin
D. Perfadex
Explanation:
Euro Collins has 115 mmol/l of potassium and 10 mmol/liter of sodium among other
components. Along with the University of Wisconsin solution, it is considered a
"high potassium and low sodium" solution. The UW solution has 125 mmol/liter of
potassium and 28 mmol/liter of sodium.
Answer: A and C.
Reference:
de Perrot M et al. Lung Preservation. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2004;
16: 300-308.
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